The third issue of “Israeli Affairs” included two studies. The first one discusses the Israeli perspective on recognizing the Palestinian state. With the successive international recognition of Palestine as a state in the regional and international environment, and within the framework of accelerating steps to do so at various levels, the question is, will this lead to the creation of a Palestinian state according to the fait accompli policy? Especially since the matter is seen by some as having primarily symbolic connotations, and not a real measure that may be completed in specific contexts, especially with the Palestinian side adhering to its status and defining the borders of its entity in light of complete Israeli intransigence, and continuing on its path with the completion of the entire settlement project. It is also noted that Palestine is currently a non-member observer state at the United Nations, which means that its representatives can participate in General Assembly sessions and have offices inside the United Nations headquarters in New York. Based on the United Nations General Assembly granting Palestine observer state status in 2012, it joined the International Criminal Court in 2015, which is the only permanent international court competent to try individuals accused of committing war crimes.

As for the second study, it focuses on the Israeli presence in the Nile Basin countries, where the Israeli approach towards the Nile Basin countries witnessed a variation in the extent of its intensity from one country to another and from one context to another, moreover, there has been a development in its tools and policies that began since the fifties of the last century, especially with the regional developments in which Israel was always an active party. Sometimes this presence is very prominent (or what is called the Israeli attack on Africa, including the Nile Basin countries), as in the fifties and sixties of the last century, and at other times this presence declines, as in the period (1967-1973), especially with the 1967 war, and the changing perceptions of some Africans about the nature of the crises in the Middle East, including the Palestinian issue. It can be said that we are now witnessing, since the start of the Israeli war on Gaza in October 2023, a cautious atmosphere, some of which is marred by a recalculation and reassessment of stances, which raises several questions, the most prominent of which is: Will the Israeli presence in the Nile Basin countries – the subject of this study – continue according to its previous approach and usual tools? or will the course of the war in the Gaza Strip affect its presence in the region? Will the Nile Basin countries deal with the Israeli side in the same manner, or will these variables affect, in one way or another, the interactions between the two sides? In other words: will the relationship between Israel and the Nile Basin countries before the “Al-Aqsa Flood” operation be the same as it was afterwards?